River-Names of Nepal Valley

River-Names of Nepal Valley

Malla, Kamal P. (1983). River-Names of the Nepal Valley: A Study in Cultural Annexation. Contributions to Nepalese Studies. Vol. 10, Issue 1 & 2 [December 1982, June 1983]. Kirtipur: Center for Nepal and Asian Studies/Tribhuvan University (CNAS/TU). pp.58. 

Date (in AD)	Hydronym	नेपालीमा	Type	Location
477	Vāgvatī	वाग्वती	River	Devapātan
557	Bunlu	बुन्लु	River	Pharping
573	Manimatī	मनिमती	River	Pātan, Saṅkhamula
c.a. 595- 605	Udalmalaka	उदलमलक	Water-source	Cẵngu
	Śātuntī	शातुन्ती	Water-source	Cẵngu
	Burdrumbadul	बुर्द्रुम्बदुल	River	Cẵngu
	Ripśiṅko	रिप्शिङ्को	Water-source	Cẵngu
	Vilhaṅkho	विल्हङ्को	Water-source	Cẵngu
	Projñjambu	प्रोज्ञ्जम्बु	Junction	Cẵngu
	Proṅnipraṅ	प्रोङ्नीप्राङ्	Junction	Cẵngu
	Proṅprovāṅ	प्रोङ्प्रोवाङ्	Junction	Cẵngu
	Dhelanti	धेलान्ती	River	Cẵngu
	Tekhumdul	तेखुम्दुल	Water-source	Banepā
597	Jñātikhṛin	ज्ञातिखृन	River	Tokhā
	Tilamaka	तिलमक	Canal	Tokhā
	Saṅko	सङ्को	Water-fall	Bhaktapur
	Sanjara	सन्जर	Water-fall	Bhaktapur
613	Custuṅ	चुस्तुङ्	River	Tistung
	Cupriṅ	चुप्रिङ्	River	Tistung
695	Teṅkhu	तेङ्खु	River	Lagan, Kāthmāndu
	Cisimaṇḍā	चिसिमाण्डा	Canal	Lagan, Kāthmāndu
697	Mekaṇḍidul	मेकण्डिदुल	Canal	Paśupati
	Sreṣṭhidul	स्रेष्ठिदुल	Canal	Paśupati
705	Puttī	पुत्ती	River	Balambū
	Lulju	लुल्जु	Canal	Balambū
	Yavadu	यवदु	River-junction	Balambū
	Himanadī	हिमनदी	River	Balambū
	Utthimanadī	उत्थिमनदी	River	Balambū
	Gollam	गोल्लम्	Canal	Balambū
	Samvaidya	सम्विद्या	River	Balambū
c.a. 713-733	Yaku	यकु	River (?)	Naxāl
	Japtikhū	जप्तिखू	River	Naxāl
	Huḍikhū	हुडिखू	River	Naxāl
	Vṛhannadī	वृहन्नदी	River	Naxāl
	Lamkhu	लम्खु	River	Naxāl

Malla, Kamal P. (1983). River-Names of the Nepal Valley: A Study in Cultural Annexation. Contributions to Nepalese Studies. Vol. 10, Issue 1 & 2 [December 1982, June 1983]. Kirtipur: Center for Nepal and Asian Studies/Tribhuvan University (CNAS/TU). pp.57-68. 

Paśupati - Old Photo

Today, the complex of Paśupatināth temple is strictly prohibited for photography and video-graphy.

This photograph was taken in 1920 A.D. when there were no such prohibitions, as very few knew what cameras and films were.

Some may not want to bring this photo into limelight, because of the fact that a holy temple to one of the most revered deities of Hindus (or Śaivas) is wrongly(?) clicked onto a film. But for lovers of the past things and monuments, this photograph is indeed a wonderful sight to behold.

Paśupatināth Temple

पशुपतिनाथ मन्दिर

During the 1920s

 

Gvala (Devapāṭan / Deupāṭan)

Kāṭhmāṇḍu, Nepal.

No significant changes can be observed in the complex now, based on these photographs except some of the following:

1. The poles around the complex are interesting. I have not confirmed whether they were for electricity purposes or not.

2. Interestingly, no single person is seen in the photograph. With the flood of devotees at this holy temple now-a-days at every time of the day, it is almost hard to imagine the complex without any person.

3. The modern Paśupati temple is with marble floor and marble attached even to the main temple. This was not so when the above photograph was clicked. How the temple area looked like before the marble was introduced is clear from this one.

4. Few structural changes can be observed, e.g. the Unmatta Bhairava temple (south of the Paśupati temple) and other small temples.